Page 603 Tense English Medium
Tense
Definition:-
The change that takes place in the form of a verb according to the time of an action is called tense.
Types:-
(i) Present Tense (ii) Past Tense
(iii) Future Tense
(i) Present Tense:-
Definition:-The sentence which gives an understanding of the work happening at the present time, is called present tense.
Examples:
He goes to Patna.
He is going .
He has gone.
He has been going.
Types:-
1. Simple Present Tense /
Present Indefinite Tense
2. Present Imperfect Tense /
Present Continuous Tense /
Present Progressive Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense /
Present Non - Progressive Tense
4. Present Perfect continuous Tense /
Present Perfect Progressive Tense
(ii) Past Tense :-
Definition:-The sentence which gives the understanding of the action which happened in the past time is called past tense.
Examples:
He went.
He was going.
He had gone .
He had been going
Types:-
1. Simple Past Tense /
Past Indefinite Tense
2. Past Imperfect Tense /
Present Continuous Tense /
Past Progressive Tense
3. Past Perfect Tense /
Past Non - Progressive Tense
4. Past Perfect continuous Tense /
Past Perfect Progressive Tense
(iii) Future Tense:-
Definition:-The sentence which gives an understanding of the action that will happen in the coming time is called future tense.
Examples:
He will go.
He will keep going.
He will have gone.
He will be going for two hours.
Types:-
1. Simple Future Tense /
Future Indefinite Tense
2. Future Imperfect Tense /
Future Continuous Tense /
Future Progressive Tense
3. Future Perfect Tense /
Future Non - Progressive Tense
4.Future Perfect continuous Tense /
Future Perfect Progressive Tense
| 1. Simple present Tense |
|---|
The sentence from which it is known that some work is done in the present time, then that sentence is considered to be in Simple Present Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + V1 / V5 + Other word |
(i) V1 is used with plural subjects (I, We, You, They, or two or more names).
(ii) V5 is used with a singular subject (He, She, It, or a single name).
Examples :-
You read a book.
He plays cricket
(iii) The V1 form of any verb is its base form, and adding "s" or "es" to its end creates the V5 form.
You read a book.
He plays cricket
(iii) The V1 form of any verb is its base form, and adding "s" or "es" to its end creates the V5 form.
As :-
Click on the verb form below to view more V1 / V5 forms.
| Verb | V1 | V5 |
|---|---|---|
| go | go | goes |
| play | play | plays |
| read | read | reads |
| come | come | comes |
Verb form
Note:-
(i) 'Do' is used with plural subjects (I, We, You, They, or two or more names).
(ii) 'Does' is used with a singular subject (He, She, It, or a single name).
Examples:-
Do you read a book?
Does he play cricket?
Examples:-
why do you not read a book?
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject +do/does + not + V1 + Other word |
(i) 'Do' is used with plural subjects (I, We, You, They, or two or more names).
(ii) 'Does' is used with a singular subject (He, She, It, or a single name).
Examples:-
You do not read a book.
He does not play cricket .
You do not read a book.
He does not play cricket .
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| Do/Does + Subject + V1 + Other word + ? |
Do you read a book?
Does he play cricket?
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
| Wh + do/does + Subject + V1 + Other word + ? |
why do you not read a book?
when does he not play cricket?
Examples:-
Do you not read a book?
5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Do/Does + Subject + not + V1 + Other word + ? |
Do you not read a book?
Does he not play cricket?
why do you not read a book?
when does he not play cricket?
| 2. Present Continuous Tense |
|---|
The sentence from which it is known that some work is happening at the present time, then that sentence is considered to be in Present Continuous Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + am / is / are + V4 + Other word |
(i) 'Are' is used with plural subjects (We, You, They, or two or more names).
(ii) 'Is' is used with singular subjects (He, She, It, or a single name).
(ii) 'Is' is used with singular subjects (He, She, It, or a single name).
(iii) 'Am' is used with "I".
Examples :-
We are reading a book .
We are reading a book .
You are playing . )
They are going to school .
(iv) The V1 form of any verb is its base form, and adding "ing" to its end creates the V4 form.
(iv) The V1 form of any verb is its base form, and adding "ing" to its end creates the V4 form.
Examples :-
To view more V1 / V4 forms, click on the verb form below.
| Verb | V1 | V4 |
|---|---|---|
| go | go | going |
| play | play | playing |
| read | read | reading |
| come | come | coming |
Verb form
Examples:-
Are you reading a book?
Am i playing cricket?
Examples:-
what are you reading ?
where is he playing cricket?
Examples :-
Are you not reading a book?
Definition:-
The sentence from which it is known that some work has ended in the present time, then that sentence is considered to be in Present Perfect Tense.
Note:-
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + am / is / are + not + V4 + Other word |
Examples:-
You are not reading a book.
He is not playing cricket .
You are not reading a book.
He is not playing cricket .
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| Am / Is / Are + Subject + V4 + Other word + ? |
Are you reading a book?
Am i playing cricket?
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
| Wh + am / is / are + Subject + not + V4 + Other word + ? |
what are you reading ?
where is he playing cricket?
5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Am / Is / Are + Subject + not + V4 + Other word + ? |
Are you not reading a book?
Is he not playing cricket?
Why are you not reading ?
Howe is he not playing cricket?
Why are you not reading ?
Howe is he not playing cricket?
| 3. Present Perfect Tense |
|---|
The sentence from which it is known that some work has ended in the present time, then that sentence is considered to be in Present Perfect Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + have / has + V3 + Other word |
(i) 'Have' is used with plural subjects (I, We, You, They, or two or more names).
(ii) 'Has' is used with singular subjects (He, She, It, or a single name).
Examples:-
We are reading a book .
You have played .
He has gone to school .
(iii) The V1 form of any verb is its original form, whereas its V3 form varies.
(iii) The V1 form of any verb is its original form, whereas its V3 form varies.
As:-
Click on 'Verb Forms' below to see more V1 / V3 forms.
| Verb | V1 | V3 |
|---|---|---|
| go | go | gone |
| play | play | played |
| read | read | read |
| come | come | come |
Verb form
Examples:-
Have you read a book?
क्या मैं क्रिकेट खेल चुका हूँ ?
Examples :-
what have you read ?
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + Have / Has + not + V3 + Other word |
Examples :-
You have not read a book.
He has not played cricket .
You have not read a book.
He has not played cricket .
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| Have / Has + Subject + V3 + Other word + ? |
Have you read a book?
क्या मैं क्रिकेट खेल चुका हूँ ?
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
| Wh + have / has + Subject + not + V3 + Other word + ? |
what have you read ?
How is he played cricket?
Examples :-
Have you not read a book?
5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Have / Has + Subject + not + V3 + Other word + ? |
Have you not read a book?
Has he not played cricket?
what have you not read ?
How is he not played cricket?
| 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense |
|---|
Definition:-
The sentence from which it is known that some work has been happening for some time in the present time and is continuing till now, then that sentence is considered to be in Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
The sentence from which it is known that some work has been happening for some time in the present time and is continuing till now, then that sentence is considered to be in Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + have / has + been + V4 + Other word + since / for + time |
(i) 'Have' is used with plural subjects (I, We, You, They, or two or more names).
(ii) 'Has' is used with singular subjects (He, She, It, or a single name).
Examples:-
We have been reading a book .
We have been reading a book .
You have been playing for two hours .
They have been going to school since 2002.
(iii) Use of 'for': When the duration (how long / for what period) is specified, 'for' is used.
जैसे :-
(for one hour) , (for three days) , (for four years) , (for several days )
जैसे :-
(for one hour) , (for three days) , (for four years) , (for several days )
(iv) Use of 'since': 'Since' is used when a specific point in time (a particular hour, day, or year—specifically, the starting point) is specified.
Examples :-
(since Monday) , (since morning) , (since 1980) , (since childhood) , (since 9 o' clock) , (since last year)
(since Monday) , (since morning) , (since 1980) , (since childhood) , (since 9 o' clock) , (since last year)
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + have / has + not + been + V4 + Other word + since / for + time |
Examples :-
You have not been playing for two hours .
You have not been playing for two hours .
They have not been going to school since 2002.
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
Examples :-
Have you been playing for two hours ?
Have they been going to school since 2002?
| Have / Has + Subject + been + V4 + Other word + since / for + time + ? |
Have you been playing for two hours ?
Have they been going to school since 2002?
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
| Have / Has + Subject + not + been + V4 + Other word + since / for + time + ? |
why have you been playing for two hours ?
5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Have / Has + Subject + not + been + V4 + Other word + since / for + time + ? |
Have you not been playing for two hours ?
Have they not been going to school since 2002?
Have they not been going to school since 2002?
why have you not been playing for two hours ?
How have they not been going to school since 2002?| 1. Simple Past Tense |
|---|
A sentence that indicates an action was performed in the past—and has now concluded—is considered to be in the Simple Past Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + V2 + Other word |
You read a book.
He played cricket .
Note:-
The V1 form of any verb is its original form, whereas its V2 form varies.
As :-
To view more V1 / V2 forms, click on 'Verb Forms' below.
| Verb | V1 | V2 |
|---|---|---|
| go | go | went |
| play | play | played |
| read | read | read |
| come | come | came |
Verb form
Examples :-
Examples:-
Did you read a book? )
Did he play cricket?
Examples :-
why did you read a book?
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + did + not + V1 + Other word |
You did not read a book.
He did not play cricket .
He did not play cricket .
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| Did + Subject + V1 + Other word + ? |
Did you read a book? )
Did he play cricket?
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
| Wh + did + Subject + V1 + Other word + ? |
why did you read a book?
when did he play cricket?
Examples:-
Did you not read a book?
Did he not play cricket?
Definition:-
5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Did + Subject + not + V1 + Other word + ? |
Did you not read a book?
Did he not play cricket?
why did you not read a book?
when did he not play cricket?
| 2. Past Continuous Tense |
|---|
If a sentence indicates that an action was taking place in the past, it is considered to be in the Past Continuous Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + was / were + V4 + Other word |
(i) 'Were' is used with plural subjects (We, You, They, or two or more names).
(ii) 'Was' is used with singular subjects (He, She, It, or a single name).
(iii) 'Was' is used with "I". Examples :-
We were reading a book .
We were reading a book .
You were playing .
They were going to school .
(iv) The V1 form of any verb is its base form, and adding "ing" to its end creates the V4 form.
(iv) The V1 form of any verb is its base form, and adding "ing" to its end creates the V4 form.
Examples:-
To view more V1 / V4 forms, click on the verb form below.
| Verb | V1 | V4 |
|---|---|---|
| go | go | going |
| play | play | playing |
| read | read | reading |
| come | come | coming |
Verb form
Examples:-
Were you reading a book?
Was i playing cricket?
Examples :-
what were you reading ?
where was he playing cricket?
Examples :-
were you not reading a book?
Was he not playing cricket?
Why were you not reading ?
Howe was he not playing cricket?
Examples :-
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + was / were + not + V4 + Other word |
Examples :-
You were not reading a book.
He was not playing cricket .)
You were not reading a book.
He was not playing cricket .)
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| was / were + Subject + V4 + Other word + ? |
Were you reading a book?
Was i playing cricket?
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
| Wh + was / were + Subject + V4 + Other word + ? |
what were you reading ?
where was he playing cricket?
5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Was / were + Subject + not + V4 + Other word + ? |
were you not reading a book?
Was he not playing cricket?
Why were you not reading ?
Howe was he not playing cricket?
| 3. Past Perfect Tense |
|---|
Definition:-
A sentence that indicates an action was completed in the past is considered to be in the Past Perfect Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + had + V3 + Other word |
You had played .
He had gone to school .
The V1 form of any verb is its original form, whereas its V3 form varies.
Examples :-
Click on 'Verb Forms' below to see more V1 / V3 forms.
Examples :-
| Verb | V1 | V3 |
|---|---|---|
| go | go | gone |
| play | play | played |
| read | read | read |
| come | come | come |
Verb form
Examples:-
Had you read a book?
Had i played cricket?)
Examples :-
Had you not read a book?
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + had + not + V3 + Other word |
Examples:-
You had not read a book.
He had not played cricket .
You had not read a book.
He had not played cricket .
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| Had + Subject + V3 + Other word + ? |
Had you read a book?
Had i played cricket?)
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Wh + had + Subject + V3 + Other word + ? |
Examples :-
what had you read ?
what had you read ?
How had he played cricket?
| Had + Subject + not + V3 + Other word + ? |
Had you not read a book?
Had he not played cricket?
what had you not read ?
How had he not played cricket?
Note:-
If two actions occur in the Past Perfect Tense, the action that is completed first is translated into English using the Past Perfect Tense, while the action that is completed later is translated using the Simple Past Tense.
Examples :-
If two actions occur in the Past Perfect Tense, the action that is completed first is translated into English using the Past Perfect Tense, while the action that is completed later is translated using the Simple Past Tense.
Examples :-
I had gone before he came.
| 4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense |
|---|
Definition:-
A sentence that indicates an action had been taking place in the past, starting from a specific point in time and continuing for a certain duration, is considered to be in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + had + been + V4 + Other word + since / for + time |
Examples :-
We had been reading a book .
We had been reading a book .
You had been playing for two hours .
They have been going to school since 2002.
(iii) Use of 'for':
When the duration (how long / for what period) is specified, 'for' is used.
Examples :-
(for one hour) , (for three days) , (for four years) , (for several days )
Examples :-
(for one hour) , (for three days) , (for four years) , (for several days )
(iv) Use of 'since':
'Since' is used when a specific point in time (a particular time on the clock, a specific day, or a specific year—marking the starting point) is specified.
Examples :-
(since Monday) , (since morning) , (since 1980) , (since childhood) , (since 9 o' clock) , (since last year)
(since Monday) , (since morning) , (since 1980) , (since childhood) , (since 9 o' clock) , (since last year)
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + had + not + been + V4 + Other word + since / for + time |
Examples :-
You had not been playing for two hours .
You had not been playing for two hours .
They had not been going to school since 2002.
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| Had + Subject + been + V4 + Other word + since / for + time + ? |
Had you been playing for two hours ?
Had they been going to school since 2002?
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
| Wh + hd + Subject + been + V4 + Other word + since / for + time + ? |
why had you been playing for two hours ?
How had they been going to school since 2002?5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Wh + had + Subject + not + been + V4 + Other word + since / for + time + ? |
Had you not been playing for two hours ?
| 1. Simple Future Tense |
|---|
A sentence that indicates an action will be performed in the future is considered to be in the Simple Future Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + shall / will + V1 + Other word |
Note:
(i) 'Shall' is used only with 'I' and 'We'.
(ii) 'Will' is used with everyone except 'I' and 'We'.
Examples :-You will read a book.
We shall play cricket .
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + shall / will + not + V1 + Other word |
You will not read a book.
He will not play cricket .
He will not play cricket .
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| shall / will + Subject + V1 + Other word + ? |
Wil you read a book? )
will he play cricket?
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
| Wh + shall / will + Subject + V1 + Other word + ? |
why will you read a book?
when shall i play cricket?
Examples :-
Will you not read a book?
Will he not play cricket?
Definition:-
5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Shall / Will + Subject + not + V1 + Other word + ? |
Will you not read a book?
Will he not play cricket?
why will you not read a book?
How will he not play cricket?
| 2. Future Continuous Tense |
|---|
A sentence that indicates that an action will continue to take place in the future is considered to be in the Future Continuous Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + shall / will + be + V4 + Other word |
(i) 'shall be' is used only with 'I' and 'We'.
(ii) 'will be' is used with all subjects except 'I' and 'We'. Examples :-
We shall be reading a book .
We shall be reading a book .
You will be playing .
They will be going to school .
(iv) The V1 form of any verb is its base form, and adding "ing" to its end creates the V4 form.
(iv) The V1 form of any verb is its base form, and adding "ing" to its end creates the V4 form.
As :-
To view more V1 / V4 forms, click on the verb form below.
| Verb | V1 | V4 |
|---|---|---|
| go | go | going |
| play | play | playing |
| read | read | reading |
| come | come | coming |
Verb form
Examples :-
Shall you be reading a book?
Shall i be playing cricket?
Examples :-
what will you be reading ?
where will he be playing cricket?
Examples :-
Shall you not be reading a book?
Will he not be playing cricket?
Why will you not be reading ?
How will he not be playing cricket?
Examples :-
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + shall /will + not + be + V4 + Other word |
Examples :-
You will not be reading a book.
He will not be playing cricket .)
You will not be reading a book.
He will not be playing cricket .)
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| Shall / Will + Subject + be + V4 + Other word + ? |
Shall you be reading a book?
Shall i be playing cricket?
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
| Wh + shall / will + Subject + be + V4 + Other word + ? |
what will you be reading ?
where will he be playing cricket?
5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Shall / will + Subject + not + be + V4 + Other word + ? |
Shall you not be reading a book?
Will he not be playing cricket?
Why will you not be reading ?
How will he not be playing cricket?
| 3. Future Perfect Tense |
|---|
Definition:-
A sentence that indicates that an action will have been completed in the future is considered to be in the Future Perfect Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + shall / will + have + V3 + Other word |
You will have played .
He will have gone to school .
The V1 form of any verb is its original form, whereas its V3 form varies.
As:-
और अधिक V1 / V3 देखने के लिए निचे verb form पर क्लिक करें
As:-
| Verb | V1 | V3 |
|---|---|---|
| go | go | gone |
| play | play | played |
| read | read | read |
| come | come | come |
Verb form
Examples :-
Will you have read a book?
Shall i have played cricket?)
Examples:-
Will you not have read a book?
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + shall / will + not + have + V3 + Other word |
Examples :-
You will not have read a book.
He will not have played cricket .
You will not have read a book.
He will not have played cricket .
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| Shall / Will + Subject + have + V3 + Other word + ? |
Will you have read a book?
Shall i have played cricket?)
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Wh + shall / will + Subject + have + V3 + Other word + ? |
Examples :-
what will you have read ?
what will you have read ?
How will he have played cricket?
| Shall / Will + Subject + not + have + V3 + Other word + ? |
Will you not have read a book?
Will he not have played cricket?
what will you not have read ?
How will he not have played cricket?
Note:-
If two actions occur within the Future Perfect Tense, the action that is completed first is translated into English using the Future Perfect Tense, while the action that is completed later is translated using the Simple Present Tense.
Examples:-
Note:-
If two actions occur within the Future Perfect Tense, the action that is completed first is translated into English using the Future Perfect Tense, while the action that is completed later is translated using the Simple Present Tense.
Examples:-
I shall have gone before he comes.
| 4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense |
|---|
Definition:-
A sentence that indicates an action will begin at a specific point in the future and continue thereafter is considered to be in the Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. Structure for Affirmative sentences
| Subject + shall / will + have + been + V4 + Other word + from / for + time |
Examples :-
We had been reading a book .
We had been reading a book .
You will have been playing for two hours .
They will have been going to school from 2002.
(iii) Use of 'for':
When the duration (how long / for what period) is specified, 'for' is used.
Examples :-
(for one hour) , (for three days) , (for four years) , (for several days )
Examples :-
(for one hour) , (for three days) , (for four years) , (for several days )
(iv) 'Since' is not used in the Future Tense. Instead of 'since', 'from' is used:
When a specific point in time (a particular hour, day, or year—serving as the starting point) is specified, the word 'from' is used.
When a specific point in time (a particular hour, day, or year—serving as the starting point) is specified, the word 'from' is used.
Examples :-
(from Monday) , (from morning) , (from 1980) , (from childhood) , (from 9 o' clock) , (from last year)
(from Monday) , (from morning) , (from 1980) , (from childhood) , (from 9 o' clock) , (from last year)
2. Structure for negative sentences
| Subject + will / shall + not + have been + V4 + Other word + from / for + time |
Examples :-
You will not have been playing for two hours .
You will not have been playing for two hours .
They will not have been going to school from 2002.
3. Structure for interrogative sentences
| Shall / Will + Subject + have been + V4 + Other word + from / for + time + ? |
Will you have been playing for two hours ?
Will they have been going to school from 2002 ?
4. Structure for interrogative sentences containing wh-words
| Wh + shall / will + Subject + have been + V4 + Other word + from / for + time + ? |
why will you have been playing for two hours ?
How will they have been going to school from 2002?5. Structure for interrogative-negative sentences
| Wh + shall / will + Subject + not + have been + V4 + Other word + from / for + time + ? |
Will you not have been playing for two hours ?
why will you not have been playing for two hours ?The End