Page 152 - narration

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Narration:- What is said by a speaker is called Narration.

There are two types of narration –

1. Direct Narration
2. Indirect Narration

1. Direct Narration:- When what is said by the speaker is repeated in his own words, then it is called Direct Narration.
ex.  He said to me, "You are my friend."
Note :-

1. Inverted commas {I . C.} in Direct Narration is used.
2. The subject which comes before I.C. is called reporter.
3.The verb that comes before I.C. is called reporting verb{R.V.}.
4..The object that comes before I.C. is called the R.V. of object .
5.What is said inside I.C. is called reported speech {R.S.}.

2. Indirect Narration:- The changed presentation of the speaker's statement is called Indirect Narration.

ex .  He said to me, "You are my friend."
He told me that I was his friend. ,

Following are the general rules for making Indirect Narration from Direct Narration.

1. The tense of R.V. never changes.

2. If R.V. is in present tense or future tense then  The tense of R.S. does not change.

3. If R.V. is in past tense then The present tense or future tense of R.S. changes into its corresponding past tense.

4. If R.V. is in past tense then The past indefinite tense of R.S. changes into past perfect tense and the past imperfect tense of R.S. changes into past perfect continuous.

5. If R.V. is in past tense then There is no change in past perfect tense and past perfect continuous of R.S .

Dear Asif Sir