• What is acid ?
Ans:- Such substances which are sour in taste and corrosive in nature are called acid .
Note:-
1.Acids get corroded easily .
2. The concentrated acid can cut clothes and destroy any thing .
3. On exposure to skin , it can cause sever burns .
4. Acids are the good conductor of electricity .
๐ Types of Acid
1. Mineral Acid :- Such acids that are prepared from minerals present in the earth's crust are called Minaral acid .
| For example |
1. Hydrochloric acid
{HCl}
2. Nitric acid
{HNO3}
3. Sulfuric Acid
{H2SO4}
4. Phosphoric acid
{H3PO4}
5. Boric acid
{H3BO4}
6. Hydrobromic acid
{HBr}
7. Hydroiodic acid
{HI}
8. Hydrofluoric acid
{HF}
9. Perchloric acid
{HClO4} |
2. Organic acid :- Such acids that are produced by plants and animals are called Organic acid.
For example
| Acid Name |
Formula |
Source |
| Latic acid |
C2H4OHCOOH |
Sour milk / yoghurt |
| Acetic acid |
CH3COOH |
Vinegar |
| Formic acid |
HCOOH |
Ant venom |
| Citric acid |
C6H8O7 |
Citrus fruits , like lemon , orange |
| Oxalic acid |
H2C2O4 |
Rhubarb , Spinach |
| Butyric acid |
CH3CH2CH2-COOH |
Milk , Butter |
| Lauric acid |
CH3(CH2)10COOH |
Coconut |
| Malic acid |
HO2C2H2C2H3O3 |
Sour apples , sour grapes |
| Tartaric acid |
C4H6O6 |
Grapes , tamarinds , pineapples |
| Erucic acid |
CH3(CH2)7CH |
Rapeseed oil , Mustard oil |
3. Weak acid :- Such acids that do not dissociate completely in solution are called Weak acid .
For example
| Serial No. | Weak acid Name | Formula |
|---|
| 1. | Benzoic acid | C6H5COOH | | 2. | Acetic acid | CH3COOH | | 3. | Formic acid | HCOOH | | 4. | Hydrofluoric acid | HF | | 5. | Oxalic acid | H2C2O4 | | 6. | Nitrous acid | HNO2 | | 7. | Sulfurous acid | H2SO3 | | 8. | Phosphoric acid | H3PO4 | | 9. | Hydrogen Sulfate ion | HSO4 | | 10 | Methenoic acid | HCO2H |
4. Strong acid :- Such acids that dissociate completely in solution are called Strong acid .
For example
| Serial No. | Strong acid Name | Formula |
|---|
| 1. | Hydrochloric acid | HCl | | 2. | Hydrobromic acid | HBr | | 3. | Hydroiodic acid | HI | | 4. | Sulfuric acid | H2SO4 | | 5. | Nitric acid | HNO3 | | 6. | Chloric acid | HClO3 | | 7. | Perchloric acid | HClO4 |
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